FROZEN SHOULDER: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition in which the shoulder joint becomes stiff, painful and difficult to move. This condition can last for several months or even years and affects people between the ages of 40-70 years old. The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not yet known, but it can be related to an injury, surgery, or an underlying medical condition like diabetes.
ANATOMY OF THE SHOULDER JOINT:
The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body and is made up of the humerus bone (upper arm bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and the clavicle (collarbone). The humerus bone fits into a shallow socket on the scapula, known as the glenoid, which forms the glenohumeral joint. The stability of the joint is provided by the surrounding ligaments and muscles, including the rotator cuff, deltoid, and biceps muscles.
BIOMECHANICS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT:
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of motion, including overhead reaching, forward reaching, and rotational movements. The joint relies on a delicate balance between the surrounding muscles and ligaments for stability and movement. Any alteration in the balance of the muscles and ligaments can lead to pain and discomfort in the shoulder.
CAUSES OF FROZEN SHOULDER:
The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not yet known, but it is believed to be related to several factors, including injury, surgery, and underlying medical conditions like diabetes. In some cases, frozen shoulder may also occur after a period of immobility or inactivity, leading to a decrease in the range of motion in the shoulder joint.
PREVENTION TIPS FOR FROZEN SHOULDER:
· Maintaining good posture and proper body mechanics during daily activities
· Exercising regularly to maintain flexibility and strength in the shoulder joint
· Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on the shoulder joint
· Taking breaks and stretching regularly during extended periods of inactivity or immobility
· Seeking prompt medical attention for any injury or pain in the shoulder joint
PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT FOR FROZEN SHOULDER:
Manual Therapy: Manual therapy, including joint mobilization and manipulation, can help improve the range of motion and reduce pain in the shoulder joint. The therapist may use hands-on techniques to stretch and move the shoulder joint, helping to increase mobility and reduce stiffness.
· Chiropractic Manipulation and Osteopathy: Chiropractic manipulation and osteopathy are alternative forms of manual therapy that focus on restoring balance and function to the musculoskeletal system. These techniques use gentle adjustments to the shoulder joint to improve mobility and reduce pain.
· Myofascial Release: Myofascial release is a technique that involves applying gentle pressure to the soft tissues of the shoulder to release tension and improve mobility. This technique can help improve the range of motion in the shoulder joint and reduce pain.
· Muscle Energy Technique: Muscle energy technique is a form of manual therapy that involves contracting and relaxing specific muscles to improve the range of motion in the shoulder joint. This technique can help reduce pain and improve mobility in the shoulder.
· Joint Mobilization: Joint mobilization involves the therapist gently moving the shoulder joint through its full range of motion to improve mobility and reduce pain. This technique can help improve the range of motion in the shoulder joint and reduce stiffness.
· Strengthening Exercises: Strength training exercises can help improve the stability and strength of the shoulder joint, reducing the risk of future injury and improving overall function. The exercises may include shoulder blade squeeze, shoulder press, and shoulder external rotation exercises.
· Range of Motion Exercises: Range of motion exercises are essential for maintaining flexibility and mobility in the shoulder joint. These exercises may include pendulum swings, arm circles, and shoulder blade squeeze and release exercises.
· Electotherapy Modalities: Electrotherapy modalities, including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound therapy, and electrical muscle stimulation, can help reduce pain and improve mobility in the shoulder joint. These modalities use electrical impulses to stimulate the muscles and tissues in the shoulder, helping to reduce pain and improve function.
In conclusion, frozen shoulder is a common condition that can cause significant pain and discomfort in the shoulder joint. With the right physiotherapy treatment, including manual therapy, strengthening exercises, and electrotherapy modalities, individuals can manage their symptoms and improve their overall function and mobility. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms of frozen shoulder, as early intervention can improve the chances of a successful recovery.
